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  Тип елементу:Документ,

  27 Filatov’s school of corneal preservation yesterday, today, tomorrow

  Макарова, Марія Борисівна

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  Дрожжина, Галина Іванівна

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  Барканов, Андрій

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  Кацан , Сергій Володимирович

  (2026)

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  Objective To trace the history of the establishment of the first corneal harvesting and preservation laboratory in Ukraine and the process of its transformation into an eye bank during wartime. Materials and Methods Archival materials from the Filatov Institute covering a 100-year period were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the ANOVA method repeated measures. Results In 1936, the first corneal harvesting and preservation laboratory in Ukraine was established at the Ukra-inian Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology (now the V.P. Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine), headed by Academician Volodymyr Petrovych Filatov. For 70 years, this laboratory conducted fundamental scientific research into methods of corneal preservation. For the first time, biomicroscopic, biochemical, and morphological changes in the cornea under different temperature preservation regimes were described, and the optimal condi-tions were identified. The world’s first method of cold corneal preservation developed by V.P. Filatov was further advanced through the development of preservation media and new cold storage methods, which are currently used in eye banks across Europe. At present, due to military operations on the territory of Ukraine and the large number of shrapnel-related ocular injuries among both military personnel and civilians, the demand for donor corneas has increased sharply. This required urgent modernization and reorganization of the corneal preservation laboratory at the V.P. Filatov Institute and its transformation into an eye bank in accordance with European standards in order to ensure timely provision of donor corneal tissue to all patients in need. Collaboration was established with the Lublin Eye Bank (Poland), where colleagues generously shared their experience. Subsequently, a training course was completed at the Monza Eye Bank (Italy); participation took place in the annual EEBA 2025 scientific conference ‘The Bridge’ in Rome (Italy); the necessary equipment was acquired; and the comprehensive course ‘Cornea Evaluation in Eye Banking’ was attended in Venice (Italy). After acquiring the required knowledge and practical skills, their implementation into clinical practice began. Since February 2025, the eye bank has been operating using European cold corneal preservation technology, which has reduced waiting times for donor tissue and, over the course of 2025, enabled a 16.7% increase in the number of keratoplasties performed in the trauma and corneal pathology departments of the V.P. Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy compared with 2024. Conclusions The establishment of an eye bank at the V.P. Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy has significantly improved the timeliness and quality of surgical care for patients requiring keratoplasty.

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  Staging of diabetic retinopathy using an artificial intelligence-based software platform

  Щербакова, Валерія Володимирівна

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  Король, Андрій Ростиславович

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  Невська, Алла Олександрівна

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  Задорожний, Олег Сергійович

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  Погосян, Ольга Атомівна

  (2026)

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  Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence in real-world population screening to detect stages of diabetic retinopathy, identify patients with previously undiagnosed diabetes, and establish and optimise patient pathways. Materials and methods: This prospective, multicentre, open-label observational study evaluated the feasibility of automated analysis of colour fundus images to identify individuals with suspected undiagnosed diabetes mellitus by detecting signs of diabetic retinopathy in a real-world screening programme. It was conducted at primary healthcare facilities in collaboration with The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine. Patients were not preselected based on diabetes status, allowing assessment of fundus examination as a tool for opportunistic detection of systemic metabolic disease. Results: A total of 12,922 patients were included in the population-based screening and divided into three groups: 2,940 patients with established diabetes mellitus (used to assess detection of diabetic retinopathy in a confirmed population), 7,411 individuals without diagnosed diabetes but with risk factors (the key group for evaluating opportunistic detection), and 2,571 controls without diabetes or significant risk factors. Fundus image analysis identified signs of diabetic retinopathy in 1,308 patients (10.1%), while no retinal pathology was detected in 9,005 individuals (69.7%). Disease staging showed: mild non-proliferative retinopathy in 835 patients (6.5%), moderate in 256 (2.0%), severe in 65 (0.5%), and proliferative retinopathy in 152 (1.2%). Conclusions: Artificial intelligence demonstrated high efficacy in population-based screening for diabetic retinopathy. The screening revealed a significant prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among the population. Among the 12,922 individuals screened, signs of diabetic retinopathy were detected in 10.1% of patients. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and large-scale screening programmes. AI algorithms enable effective identification of at-risk patients, including those without a confirmed diabetes diagnosis, creating new opportunities for early diagnosis and prevention of severe complications. Automated disease staging supports clinical decision-making, while AI-based screening improves access to care, reduces the risk of vision loss, and optimises ophthalmology services, especially in resource-limited settings.

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  The role of stress-related neuroendocrine mechanisms in the progression of experimental glaucoma

  Михейцева, Ірина Миколаївна

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  Сироштаненко, Тетяна Іванівна

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  Сторожук, Наталя Віталіївна

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  Кузнецов, Максим Костянтинович

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  Алобісі, Маяр

  (2026)

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  Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, in which elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and vascular dysfunction contribute to optic nerve damage. Chronic stress-associated conditions with activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may affect disease progression through neuroendocrine mechanism. Military-relevant stress (MRS), characterized by high intensity and elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels, may affect physiological processes, although its role in glaucoma progression remains insufficiently studied. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MRS on the course of adrenaline-induced glaucoma (AIG) in rats, taking into account changes in IOP, systemic stress response, and vascular alterations. Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups: control, AIG, and AIG+MRS. Experimental glaucoma was induced to produce sustained IOP elevation, while MRS was modeled by combined acoustic, light, and mechanical stressors. IOP and blood CORT levels were measured over time were assessed at the end of the experiment. Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests, and correlation analysis were performed, with statistical significance set at p≤0.05. Results: Analysis of variance demonstrated statistically significant changes in both CORT levels and IOP over time. For CORT, significant effects of time (F(2,64) = 236.8), group (F(2,32) = 5.07), and time × group interaction (F(4,64) = 54.02) were observed. For IOP, significant effects of time (F(2,62) = 67.17), group (F(2,31) = 30.60), and their interaction (F(4,62) = 19.48) were also identified. Post hoc analysis showed differences between all time points for both parameters. No intergroup differences were found at baseline, whereas significant differences appeared on days 21 and 42. For CORT, the main difference was observed between the AIG+MRS and control groups. For IOP, all groups differed, with the greatest changes in the AIG group. Correlation analysis showed no association between CORT levels and IOP on day 21 (r = −0.174; ρ = −0.248), while a positive correlation was found on day 42 (r = 0.369; ρ = 0.524). Conclusions: CORT levels and IOP demonstrated statistically significant changes over time depending on the group. Their positive association at a later stage suggests a potential role of stress-related neuroendocrine mechanisms in the progression of experimental glaucoma.

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  Cellular immunity and lymphocyte activation markers in idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)

  Чабан, Максим Юрійович

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  Храменко, Наталія Іванівна

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  Величко, Людмила Миколаївна

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  Богданова, Олександра Вікторівна

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  Коновалова, Наталія Валеріївна

  (2026)

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  Objectives: To identify cellular immunity features and lymphocyte activation marker expression in idiopathic ON (papillitis) and NAION. Methods: The study included 27 patients with ON (mean age 37.8 ± 11.3 years), 7 with acute NAION (54.2 ± 8.1 years), 31 with chronic NAION (52.1 ± 12.1 years), and 27 healthy controls (42.7 ± 12.9 years). Activation marker expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. Results: Absolute leukocyte count was 5.8 × 10⁹/L (95% CI, 5.1–6.2 × 10⁹/L) in acute NAION, 5.4 × 10⁹/L (95% CI, 4.7–6.1 × 10⁹/L) in chronic NAION, 8.5 × 10⁹/L (95% CI, 7.3–9.7 × 10⁹/L) in idiopathic ON, and 5.4 × 10⁹/L (95% CI, 5.1–5.7 × 10⁹/L) in controls. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count, presented as median (Q25–Q75), was 1.98 (1.7–2.26), 2.01 (1.2–2.48), 2.43 (1.98–2.82), and 1.59 (1.25–1.89) cells/µL, respectively. CD3+ lymphocyte levels were 1122 (991–1379), 1324 (748–1544), 1805 (1188–2080), and 1007 (772–1104) cells/µL, respectively; CD4+ levels were 902 (722–1062), 1031 (555–1205), 1325 (886–1390), and 645 (575–736) cells/µL; CD8+ levels were 252 (221–322), 265 (208–283), 395 (282–500), and 274 (198–322) cells/µL; CD16+ natural killer cell levels were 331 (235–542), 362 (232–445), 352 (146–330), and 196 (102–233) cells/µL. CD54 (ICAM-1) levels were 28.8 ± 2.5%, 28.9 ± 2.6%, 29.2 ± 1.7%, and 8.5 ± 2.0%, respectively, and CD95 levels were 26.7 ± 2.7%, 25.9 ± 2.0%, 22.8 ± 4.3%, and 9.6 ± 2.8%, respectively. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant intergroup differences in leukocyte, lymphocyte, CD3+, and CD4+ levels (p < 0.001), with highest values in idiopathic ON. CD4+ levels were increased by 40% in acute NAION (p = 0.03), 60% in chronic NAION (p = 0.003), and 2.05-fold in ON (p < 0.05) versus controls. CD8+ levels were 44% higher in ON (p = 0.04), and CD16+ levels were 69% (p = 0.04) and 84.6% (p = 0.001) higher in acute and chronic NAION, respectively, than in controls. CD54 and CD95 were elevated in all patient groups versus controls (p < 0.05), and CD95 was 14.3% higher in acute and chronic NAION than in ON (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Idiopathic ON is characterized by higher CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte levels, whereas NAION is associated with elevated CD4+ levels and a more pronounced increase in NK cells. CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD95 were elevated in both conditions, while higher CD95 levels in NAION may indicate more pronounced apoptotic activity.

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  Bulbar Conjunctival Changes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma under Preservative-Free versus Preserved Latanoprost 0.005%

  Дрожжина, Галина Іванівна

  (2026)

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  Background: Long-term topical antiglaucoma therapy is frequently associated with alterations of the ocular surface, particularly in formulations containing preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAС). Chronic exposure to preservatives may induce epithelial toxicity, destabilization of the tear film, and subclinical inflammation, ultimately contributing to the development of dry eye disease. Structural and cytological changes of the bulbar conjunctiva are considered important indicators of ocular surface impairment in patients receiving prolonged treatment. Aim: To evaluate the condition of the bulbar conjunctiva in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with latanoprost 0.005% eye drops with and without preservatives . Methods: A total of 36 patients with POAG were enrolled and divided into two groups. Study group 1 included 21 patients (21 eyes) receiving preserved latanoprost 0.005% containing BAC. Study group 2 -15 patients (15 eyes) treated with preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% (Protriaxin matrix). A control group consisted of 21 healthy participants. All subjects underwent ophthalmological examination, including evaluation of the ocular surface and cytological assessment of the bulbar conjunctiva. Impression cytology was used to analyze epithelial cell morphology and the presence of inflammatory cells. Statistical analysis included calculation of odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Results: No significant differences were observed in the overall cytological architecture of the bulbar conjunctiva between groups receiving preserved and preservative-free therapy. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was detected significantly more frequently in patients treated with preserved latanoprost (42.8%) compared to those receiving preservative-free formulation (6.6%) (p = 0.0279). Patients using preserved latanoprost demonstrated a 10.5-fold increased likelihood of inflammatory cell presence compared to the preservative-free group (OR = 10.5; 95% CI [1.15–95.25], p = 0.0366). These findings suggest the presence of subclinical inflammation associated with preservative exposure, even in the absence of overt cytological alterations. Conclusions: These findings support the preferential use of preservative-free antiglaucoma eye drops, particularly in patients with pre-existing or suspected ocular surface damage, to minimize cytological changes and subclinical inflammation during long-term therapy.

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