Long-term outcomes of pars-planum vitrectomy in patients with Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria due to blast ocular trauma

Abstract

Purpose: To analyse the long-term anatomical and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria caused by severe blast ocular trauma. Methods: This retrospective, observational study involved 25 cases of pars plana vitrectomy in Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria following blast ocular trauma. The best-corrected visual acuity, retinal reattachment were studied. The total follow-up period for patients was 52 weeks. Data were analysed using quantitative and categorical correlation analysis, as well as by analysing logistic regression models. Results: Post-op best-corrected visual acuity improved in 19 patients (76%), remained unchanged in 5 (20%). In 1 patient (4%) best-corrected visual acuity deteriorated due to the development of traumatic optic neuropathy. Retinal detachment was noted in 13 patients, while a macular hole was present in 5 patients. In 2 cases, both retinal detachment and macular hole were diagnosed simultaneously. After pars plana vitrectomy, retinal reattachment was achieved in 24 patients (96%). In one case, reattachment was unsuccessful. The localization of Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria was significantly associated with the final best-corrected visual acuity, with the best surgical outcome observed in patients with Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria located in the inferior sector of the fundus (p < 0.05). The outcome of pars plana vitrectomy for Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria with concomitant retinal detachment is significantly better when the procedure is performed earlier following a blast injury. Conclusions: Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria following blast ocular trauma is characterized by a significant, persistent best-corrected visual acuity decreasing, a high frequency of vitreous haemorrhages, macular holes, and retinal detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy in Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria has shown considerable effectiveness in improving visual function, retinal reattachment, and macular hole closure for long time of observation.